See -a- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "Jak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English Jak",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From of a (as in half-a-crown) or of (as in jack-a-napes from Middle English Jak of Naples). Some terms have fully incorporated the use, as ragamuffin and jackanape(s); others arise from mistaken assimilation to the form, as all-a-gog and cock-a-leekie.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blackamoor"
},
{
"word": "cock-a-hoop"
},
{
"word": "cock-a-leekie"
},
{
"word": "half-a-crown"
},
{
"word": "jack-a-dandy"
},
{
"word": "jack-a-lantern"
},
{
"word": "Jack-a-Lent"
},
{
"word": "jack-a-napes"
},
{
"word": "jackanape"
},
{
"word": "John-a-dreams"
},
{
"word": "ragamuffin"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connective interfix used in forming compounds, often no longer carrying a distinct meaning."
],
"id": "en--a--en-interfix-EUv5ygCi",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "o'"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier a (attested by the 14th c.), as a contraction of and and its various Middle English forms.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"ref": "1746, Exmoor Scolding, 3rd edition, section 81:",
"text": "Chem a laced well-a-fine aread",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"And"
],
"id": "en--a--en-conj-D2dRS5Ad",
"links": [
[
"And",
"and"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "an'"
},
{
"word": "n'"
}
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "à",
"4": "",
"5": "various prepositions"
},
"expansion": "French à (“various prepositions”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Romance",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "à la morte"
},
"expansion": "French à la morte",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French à (“various prepositions”) and related prepositions in other Romance languages. Also from related misunderstandings, as all-a-mort from French à la morte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "à",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-à-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 43 8 20 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "all-a-mort"
},
{
"word": "mano-a-mano"
},
{
"word": "vis-a-vis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connective infix encountered in loanwords and phrases, generally no longer carrying a distinct meaning."
],
"id": "en--a--en-infix-gpoolct0",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": "4",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Replacing carbon, especially in a ring."
],
"id": "en--a--en-infix-2vTLLBdX",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"carbon",
"carbon"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Replacing carbon, especially in a ring."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": "5",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rat"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of rat",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of rat.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Pharmacology",
"orig": "en:Pharmacology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 15 48 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 11 11 42 8 3 3 0 0 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 8 9 35 5 1 1 0 0 11 10 0 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 11 0 77 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A monoclonal antibody derived from a rat."
],
"id": "en--a--en-infix-V69iC6Lr",
"links": [
[
"pharmacology",
"pharmacology"
],
[
"monoclonal antibody",
"monoclonal antibody"
],
[
"rat",
"rat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pharmacology) A monoclonal antibody derived from a rat."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pharmacology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An interfix, empty morph."
],
"id": "en--a--sq-interfix-dLCMIT4R",
"links": [
[
"interfix",
"interfix#English"
],
[
"empty morph",
"empty morph#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tum",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Tumbuka -a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare with Tumbuka -a-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chichewa",
"lang_code": "ny",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chichewa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chichewa infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the past perfect tense in verbs."
],
"id": "en--a--ny-infix-7CNN-FTY",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "morpheme occurring in Chinese Surinamese surnames",
"word": "-A-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative letter-case form of -A- (“morpheme occurring in Chinese Surinamese surnames”)"
],
"id": "en--a--nl-interfix-fP~BoUnU",
"links": [
[
"-A-",
"-A-#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fiatal (“young”) + -a- + -bb → fiatalabb (“younger”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix-initial vowel (or linking vowel) inserted interconsonantally between the word stem and the suffix, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning."
],
"id": "en--a--hu-interfix-VCSl17E3",
"links": [
[
"suffix",
"suffix"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"linking",
"linking"
],
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"interconsonantally",
"interconsonantally"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-á-"
},
{
"word": "-e-"
},
{
"word": "-o-"
},
{
"word": "-ö-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɒ]"
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "la",
"3": "-o-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -o-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ο-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adapted from Latin -o-, originating ultimately from Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-o- (linking vowel between morphemes)"
],
"id": "en--a--ga-interfix-Sz1MKCV3",
"links": [
[
"-o-",
"-o-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lut",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"lang_code": "lut",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lushootseed entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lushootseed interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intrinsic derivational suffix or meaningless lexical linking element"
],
"id": "en--a--lut-interfix-iCujg0OJ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "moh",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mohawk",
"lang_code": "moh",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mohawk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mohawk interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"joiner vowel used in noun incorporation"
],
"id": "en--a--moh-interfix-Mp0aXfPz",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mohawk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mohawk interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"joiner vowel used when adding verb suffixes"
],
"id": "en--a--moh-interfix-biGFRI6U",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-a",
"t": "genitive plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -a (“genitive plural ending”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ar",
"t": "genitive singular ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ar (“genitive singular ending”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk -a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-a-",
"t": "linking interfix"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -a- (“linking interfix”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From older Norwegian compositional forms, chiefly continuing Old Norse -a (“genitive plural ending”) and, in some formations, Old Norse -ar (“genitive singular ending”). The vowel was subsequently reanalysed and analogically extended as a linking element, and does not necessarily express a genitive or plural relationship in present-day Norwegian.\nCompare Norwegian Nynorsk -a- and Swedish -a- (“linking interfix”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-a-"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål terms interfixed with -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "døl (“valley dweller; Døle”) + -a- (“linking interfix”) + hest (“horse”) → dølahest (“Døle horse”)"
},
{
"text": "ferd (“journey, travel”) + -a- (“linking interfix”) + folk (“people”) → ferdafolk (“travellers”)"
},
{
"text": "møkk (“dung; crap”) + -a- (“linking interfix”) + vær (“weather”) → møkkavær (“awful weather”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A linking vowel used between the constituents of certain compound words, generally without an independent meaning."
],
"id": "en--a--nb-interfix-YeiUUUh8",
"links": [
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"compound",
"compound"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "linking interfix",
"translation": "linking interfix",
"word": "-e-"
},
{
"english": "linking interfix",
"translation": "linking interfix",
"word": "-s-"
},
{
"english": "inflectional suffix",
"translation": "inflectional suffix",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the earlier and Old Norse genitive suffixes -a and -ar used in compounds. Akin to -e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"id": "en--a--nn-interfix-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-an-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -an-"
],
"id": "en--a--nn-interfix-1yFqRk5X",
"links": [
[
"-an-",
"-an-#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "See -a.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the oblique singular stem of oikoclitic feminine nouns"
],
"id": "en--a--rom-interfix-4VVUFK8P",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-sab-pro",
"3": "*-a-",
"4": "*-à-",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sabaki *-à-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-sab-pro",
"3": "*-a-",
"4": "*-à-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-à-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*-à-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-à-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkb",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Kipfokomo -a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swb",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Maore Comorian -a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-à-, from Proto-Bantu *-à-. Cognate with Kipfokomo -a- and Maore Comorian -a-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "na-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twa-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wa-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mwa-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "infix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ka-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Initial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "Negative present"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Final"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-a-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "past: -lisha-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "present: -mesha-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "-sha-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "If/When",
"translation": "If/When",
"word": "-ki-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "If not",
"translation": "If not",
"word": "-sipo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Even if/Though",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translation": "Even if/Though",
"word": "-nga-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Infix position positive subject concord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Not yet",
"translation": "Not yet",
"word": "-ja-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Infix position negative subject concord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Relative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Positive past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Positive future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Positive past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-singali-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Perfect",
"word": "-me-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Negative past",
"word": "-ku-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Negative future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Future",
"word": "-taka-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"sense": "Negative",
"word": "-si-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"gnomic aspect marker, indefinite present marker"
],
"id": "en--a--sw-infix-opaVbQGH",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) gnomic aspect marker, indefinite present marker"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "kw-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 28",
"sense": "Negative infinitive",
"word": "kuto-"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"sense": "Habitual",
"word": "hu-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"sense": "General (positive indicative)",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 20",
"sense": "Positive subjunctive",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 15",
"sense": "Second person plural",
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 20",
"sense": "Negative subjunctive",
"word": "-si-1"
},
{
"_dis1": "77 23",
"sense": "Consecutive",
"word": "-ka-1"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: -na-"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
],
[
8,
9
],
[
11,
12
],
[
19,
20
],
[
25,
26
],
[
31,
32
],
[
34,
35
],
[
37,
38
]
],
"english": "Thousands of Companies Close After Difficult Situation",
"ref": "2023, Brian Ambani, “Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali Ngumu”, in Taifa Leo, archived from the original on 21 Jul 2023:",
"text": "Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali Ngumu",
"translation": "Thousands of Companies Close After Difficult Situation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present tense marker used in headlines"
],
"id": "en--a--sw-infix-vKj9pq36",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"sense": "Positive present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"sense": "Positive present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-singe-"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 60",
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"sense": "Present",
"word": "-na-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-na-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "gæsta buþ"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish gæsta buþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-a, -ar"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -a, -ar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "viðartré"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic viðartré",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -a",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* In most words from an old plural genitive, Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, e.g. gästabud (“feast, banquet”), from Old Swedish gæsta buþ, genitive plural of gæster (“guest”), modern Swedish gäst.\n* In some words from an old singular genitive, Old Swedish -a, -ar, from Old Norse -ar, e.g. dialectal veaträ (“log of wood”) from viþaträ, cf. Icelandic viðartré, standard Swedish vedträ.\n* Occasionally from an old singular genitive, Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, the oblique form of weak masculines.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish interfixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bonna-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Genitival interfix used to link elements in some compounds"
],
"id": "en--a--sv-interfix-eCZQ3aCJ",
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic or dialectal) Genitival interfix used to link elements in some compounds"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-e-"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Chichewa -a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare with Chichewa -a-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tum",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tumbuka",
"lang_code": "tum",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tumbuka infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the recent past tense."
],
"id": "en--a--tum-infix-grPdP9Z3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Chichewa -a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tum",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Tumbuka -a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare with Chichewa -a- and Tumbuka -a-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yao",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yao (Africa)",
"lang_code": "yao",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 15 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yao (Africa) entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yao (Africa) infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "1st person singular preterite/pluperfect prefix",
"translation": "1st person singular preterite/pluperfect prefix",
"word": "na-"
},
{
"english": "3rd person plural preterite/pluperfect prefix",
"translation": "3rd person plural preterite/pluperfect prefix",
"word": "ŵa-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the preterit and pluperfect tense. It goes between the class/person concord and the past tense endings."
],
"id": "en--a--yao-infix-YiHqxhsJ",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw"
},
{
"lang": "Comorian",
"lang_code": "swb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "bnt-pro:*-à-",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-a-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"bnt-sab-pro\" data-title=\"*-a-\">\nInherited from Proto-Bantu *-à-.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-à-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-à-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": "infix",
"head": "*-à-"
},
"expansion": "*-à-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sabaki",
"lang_code": "bnt-sab-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sabaki/-a-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-aku-"
},
{
"word": "-àku-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nonpast tense"
],
"id": "en--a--bnt-sab-pro-infix-48inePjr",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Mijikenda",
"lang_code": "bnt-mij"
},
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw"
},
{
"lang": "Comorian",
"lang_code": "swb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "bnt-pro:*-á-",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-a-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"bnt-sab-pro\" data-title=\"*-a-\">\nInherited from Proto-Bantu *-á-.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-á-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-á-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": "infix",
"head": "*-á-"
},
"expansion": "*-á-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sabaki",
"lang_code": "bnt-sab-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sabaki/-a-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sabaki infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-á-li"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili",
"word": "-aɫi"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili",
"word": "→ Kipfokomo: -li-"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili",
"word": "-i-"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili; Old Swahili",
"word": "-ali"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili; various dialects",
"word": "-ali-"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili; various dialects",
"word": "-e-"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili; Swahili (G42)",
"word": "-li-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past tense"
],
"id": "en--a--bnt-sab-pro-infix-~L6w~4eN",
"qualifier": "far",
"raw_glosses": [
"(far) past tense"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"past",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian interfixes",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"An interfix, empty morph."
],
"links": [
[
"interfix",
"interfix#English"
],
[
"empty morph",
"empty morph#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tum",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Tumbuka -a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare with Tumbuka -a-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chichewa",
"lang_code": "ny",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chichewa entries with incorrect language header",
"Chichewa infixes",
"Chichewa lemmas",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the past perfect tense in verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "morpheme occurring in Chinese Surinamese surnames",
"word": "-A-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch interfixes",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative letter-case form of -A- (“morpheme occurring in Chinese Surinamese surnames”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-A-",
"-A-#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English infixes",
"English interfixes",
"English lemmas",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Medicine"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blackamoor"
},
{
"word": "cock-a-hoop"
},
{
"word": "cock-a-leekie"
},
{
"word": "half-a-crown"
},
{
"word": "jack-a-dandy"
},
{
"word": "jack-a-lantern"
},
{
"word": "Jack-a-Lent"
},
{
"word": "jack-a-napes"
},
{
"word": "jackanape"
},
{
"word": "John-a-dreams"
},
{
"word": "ragamuffin"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "Jak"
},
"expansion": "Middle English Jak",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From of a (as in half-a-crown) or of (as in jack-a-napes from Middle English Jak of Naples). Some terms have fully incorporated the use, as ragamuffin and jackanape(s); others arise from mistaken assimilation to the form, as all-a-gog and cock-a-leekie.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Connective interfix used in forming compounds, often no longer carrying a distinct meaning."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "o'"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English infixes",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Medicine"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier a (attested by the 14th c.), as a contraction of and and its various Middle English forms.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"ref": "1746, Exmoor Scolding, 3rd edition, section 81:",
"text": "Chem a laced well-a-fine aread",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"And"
],
"links": [
[
"And",
"and"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "an'"
},
{
"word": "n'"
}
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English infixes",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Medicine"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "all-a-mort"
},
{
"word": "mano-a-mano"
},
{
"word": "vis-a-vis"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "à",
"4": "",
"5": "various prepositions"
},
"expansion": "French à (“various prepositions”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Romance",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "à la morte"
},
"expansion": "French à la morte",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French à (“various prepositions”) and related prepositions in other Romance languages. Also from related misunderstandings, as all-a-mort from French à la morte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "à",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-à-",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Connective infix encountered in loanwords and phrases, generally no longer carrying a distinct meaning."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English infixes",
"English lemmas",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Medicine"
],
"etymology_number": "4",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Replacing carbon, especially in a ring."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"carbon",
"carbon"
],
[
"ring",
"ring"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Replacing carbon, especially in a ring."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English infixes",
"English lemmas",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Medicine"
],
"etymology_number": "5",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rat"
},
"expansion": "Clipping of rat",
"name": "clipping"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Clipping of rat.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "infix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Pharmacology"
],
"glosses": [
"A monoclonal antibody derived from a rat."
],
"links": [
[
"pharmacology",
"pharmacology"
],
[
"monoclonal antibody",
"monoclonal antibody"
],
[
"rat",
"rat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pharmacology) A monoclonal antibody derived from a rat."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pharmacology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "interfix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-á-"
},
{
"word": "-e-"
},
{
"word": "-o-"
},
{
"word": "-ö-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian interfixes",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fiatal (“young”) + -a- + -bb → fiatalabb (“younger”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A suffix-initial vowel (or linking vowel) inserted interconsonantally between the word stem and the suffix, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning."
],
"links": [
[
"suffix",
"suffix"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"linking",
"linking"
],
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"interconsonantally",
"interconsonantally"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɒ]"
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "la",
"3": "-o-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -o-",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ο-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adapted from Latin -o-, originating ultimately from Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish interfixes",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Irish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Irish terms derived from Latin",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"-o- (linking vowel between morphemes)"
],
"links": [
[
"-o-",
"-o-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lut",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"lang_code": "lut",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lushootseed entries with incorrect language header",
"Lushootseed interfixes",
"Lushootseed lemmas",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"intrinsic derivational suffix or meaningless lexical linking element"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mohawk entries with incorrect language header",
"Mohawk interfixes",
"Mohawk lemmas",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "moh",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mohawk",
"lang_code": "moh",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"joiner vowel used in noun incorporation"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"joiner vowel used when adding verb suffixes"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-a",
"t": "genitive plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -a (“genitive plural ending”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ar",
"t": "genitive singular ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ar (“genitive singular ending”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk -a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-a-",
"t": "linking interfix"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -a- (“linking interfix”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From older Norwegian compositional forms, chiefly continuing Old Norse -a (“genitive plural ending”) and, in some formations, Old Norse -ar (“genitive singular ending”). The vowel was subsequently reanalysed and analogically extended as a linking element, and does not necessarily express a genitive or plural relationship in present-day Norwegian.\nCompare Norwegian Nynorsk -a- and Swedish -a- (“linking interfix”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"-a-"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "interfix",
"related": [
{
"english": "linking interfix",
"translation": "linking interfix",
"word": "-e-"
},
{
"english": "linking interfix",
"translation": "linking interfix",
"word": "-s-"
},
{
"english": "inflectional suffix",
"translation": "inflectional suffix",
"word": "-a"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål compound terms",
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål interfixes",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms interfixed with -a-",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with homophones",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/a",
"Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/a/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "døl (“valley dweller; Døle”) + -a- (“linking interfix”) + hest (“horse”) → dølahest (“Døle horse”)"
},
{
"text": "ferd (“journey, travel”) + -a- (“linking interfix”) + folk (“people”) → ferdafolk (“travellers”)"
},
{
"text": "møkk (“dung; crap”) + -a- (“linking interfix”) + vær (“weather”) → møkkavær (“awful weather”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A linking vowel used between the constituents of certain compound words, generally without an independent meaning."
],
"links": [
[
"vowel",
"vowel"
],
[
"compound",
"compound"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
},
{
"homophone": "a"
},
{
"homophone": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from the earlier and Old Norse genitive suffixes -a and -ar used in compounds. Akin to -e-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-an-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -an-"
],
"links": [
[
"-an-",
"-an-#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Sabaki entries referencing missing etymons",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with etymon",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sabaki infixes",
"Proto-Sabaki lemmas",
"Proto-Sabaki terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Proto-Sabaki terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-aku-"
},
{
"word": "-àku-"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw"
},
{
"lang": "Comorian",
"lang_code": "swb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "bnt-pro:*-à-",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-a-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"bnt-sab-pro\" data-title=\"*-a-\">\nInherited from Proto-Bantu *-à-.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-à-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-à-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": "infix",
"head": "*-à-"
},
"expansion": "*-à-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sabaki",
"lang_code": "bnt-sab-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sabaki/-a-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"nonpast tense"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Sabaki entries referencing missing etymons",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with etymon",
"Proto-Sabaki entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sabaki infixes",
"Proto-Sabaki lemmas",
"Proto-Sabaki terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Proto-Sabaki terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Swahili",
"word": "-aɫi"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili; Old Swahili",
"word": "-ali"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili; various dialects",
"word": "-ali-"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili; various dialects",
"word": "-e-"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili",
"word": "→ Kipfokomo: -li-"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili",
"word": "-i-"
},
{
"sense": "Swahili; Swahili (G42)",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"word": "-á-li"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Mijikenda",
"lang_code": "bnt-mij"
},
{
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw"
},
{
"lang": "Comorian",
"lang_code": "swb"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "bnt-pro:*-á-",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Sabaki\", \"term\" : \"*-a-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"bnt-sab-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"bnt-sab-pro\" data-title=\"*-a-\">\nInherited from Proto-Bantu *-á-.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-á-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-á-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-sab-pro",
"2": "infix",
"head": "*-á-"
},
"expansion": "*-á-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sabaki",
"lang_code": "bnt-sab-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sabaki/-a-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"past tense"
],
"qualifier": "far",
"raw_glosses": [
"(far) past tense"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"past",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_text": "See -a.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "interfix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani interfixes",
"Romani lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the oblique singular stem of oikoclitic feminine nouns"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili infixes",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Swahili terms derived from Proto-Sabaki",
"Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Sabaki"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-sab-pro",
"3": "*-a-",
"4": "*-à-",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sabaki *-à-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-sab-pro",
"3": "*-a-",
"4": "*-à-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-à-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*-à-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-à-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pkb",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Kipfokomo -a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "swb",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Maore Comorian -a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-à-, from Proto-Bantu *-à-. Cognate with Kipfokomo -a- and Maore Comorian -a-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "na-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twa-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wa-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mwa-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "infix",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "ku-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive infinitive",
"word": "kw-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative infinitive",
"word": "kuto-"
},
{
"sense": "Habitual",
"word": "hu-1"
},
{
"word": "ka-1"
},
{
"word": "Initial"
},
{
"sense": "General (positive indicative)",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"sense": "Positive subjunctive",
"word": "-e"
},
{
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "Negative present"
},
{
"sense": "Second person plural",
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"word": "Final"
},
{
"sense": "Positive past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative subjunctive",
"word": "-si-1"
},
{
"sense": "Positive present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-singe-"
},
{
"sense": "Positive past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-singali-"
},
{
"word": "-a-1"
},
{
"sense": "Perfect",
"word": "-me-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "past: -lisha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "present: -mesha-"
},
{
"english": "Already",
"translation": "Already",
"word": "-sha-"
},
{
"english": "If/When",
"translation": "If/When",
"word": "-ki-1"
},
{
"english": "If not",
"translation": "If not",
"word": "-sipo-"
},
{
"sense": "Consecutive",
"word": "-ka-1"
},
{
"english": "Even if/Though",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translation": "Even if/Though",
"word": "-nga-1"
},
{
"word": "Infix position positive subject concord"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past",
"word": "-ku-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative future",
"word": "-ta-"
},
{
"english": "Not yet",
"translation": "Not yet",
"word": "-ja-1"
},
{
"sense": "Negative present conditional",
"word": "-nge-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative past conditional",
"word": "-ngali-"
},
{
"word": "Infix position negative subject concord"
},
{
"sense": "Past",
"word": "-li-"
},
{
"sense": "Present",
"word": "-na-"
},
{
"sense": "Future",
"word": "-taka-"
},
{
"sense": "Negative",
"word": "-si-"
},
{
"word": "Relative"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swahili dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"gnomic aspect marker, indefinite present marker"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) gnomic aspect marker, indefinite present marker"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swahili terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Near-synonym: -na-"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
],
[
8,
9
],
[
11,
12
],
[
19,
20
],
[
25,
26
],
[
31,
32
],
[
34,
35
],
[
37,
38
]
],
"english": "Thousands of Companies Close After Difficult Situation",
"ref": "2023, Brian Ambani, “Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali Ngumu”, in Taifa Leo, archived from the original on 21 Jul 2023:",
"text": "Maelfu Ya Kampuni Zafungwa Kufuatia Hali Ngumu",
"translation": "Thousands of Companies Close After Difficult Situation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present tense marker used in headlines"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-na-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bonna-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "gæsta buþ"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish gæsta buþ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-a, -ar"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -a, -ar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-ar"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -ar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "viðartré"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic viðartré",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish -a",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-a"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -a",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* In most words from an old plural genitive, Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, e.g. gästabud (“feast, banquet”), from Old Swedish gæsta buþ, genitive plural of gæster (“guest”), modern Swedish gäst.\n* In some words from an old singular genitive, Old Swedish -a, -ar, from Old Norse -ar, e.g. dialectal veaträ (“log of wood”) from viþaträ, cf. Icelandic viðartré, standard Swedish vedträ.\n* Occasionally from an old singular genitive, Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, the oblique form of weak masculines.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "interfix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "interfix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-e-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish dialectal terms",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish interfixes",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Genitival interfix used to link elements in some compounds"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat archaic or dialectal) Genitival interfix used to link elements in some compounds"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/a/"
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Chichewa -a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare with Chichewa -a-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tum",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tumbuka",
"lang_code": "tum",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tumbuka entries with incorrect language header",
"Tumbuka infixes",
"Tumbuka lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the recent past tense."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "1st person singular preterite/pluperfect prefix",
"translation": "1st person singular preterite/pluperfect prefix",
"word": "na-"
},
{
"english": "3rd person plural preterite/pluperfect prefix",
"translation": "3rd person plural preterite/pluperfect prefix",
"word": "ŵa-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ny",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Chichewa -a-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tum",
"2": "-a-"
},
"expansion": "Tumbuka -a-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare with Chichewa -a- and Tumbuka -a-",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yao",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "-a-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yao (Africa)",
"lang_code": "yao",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yao (Africa) entries with incorrect language header",
"Yao (Africa) infixes",
"Yao (Africa) lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the preterit and pluperfect tense. It goes between the class/person concord and the past tense endings."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-a-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -a- meaning in All languages combined (25.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"-a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "infix",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 20"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"-a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "infix",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 20"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/449",
"msg": "ITALIC not properly closed on the same line",
"path": [
"-a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "infix",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/449",
"msg": "BOLD not properly closed on the same line",
"path": [
"-a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "infix",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"-a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "infix",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Telegrammic: ka-1 desc=Telegrammic rest=ka-1 cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=False e2=False",
"path": [
"-a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "infix",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: Gnomic: -a-1 desc=Gnomic rest=-a-1 cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=False e2=False",
"path": [
"-a-"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "infix",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-a-",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 671811996<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 19:51:40 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-a-",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 625708370<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 19:52:36 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-a-",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 632708607<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 19:53:31 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-a-",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-a-",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 638837043<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 19:54:26 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.